بالفيديو:فرق الفنون الشعبية…تزدهر مجدداً في البصرة
المنصة – وحيد غانم
كان اخر اعتداء تعرضت له مكاتب الفرق الشعبية للغناء والرقص عام 2016 عند تفجيرها بعبوات ناسفة من جهات متطرفة، أما اليوم فالأوضاع تغيرت رغم صعوبة الحصول على الآلات الموسيقية التي تستخدمها والتي تستورد معظمها من باكستان.
ماجد ابراهيم دهيم رئيس فرقة الهنوف الشعبية يضطر إلى اعتماد السرية في جلب تلك الآلات من خارج العراق لتزويد السوق المحلية بها، ويقول لمراسل ” المنصة” حول الموضوع “اجلب الرقوق والطبول والزيران التي نستخدمها في العزف بشكل مفكك واقوم بتركيبها بعد وصولها من باكستان عن طريق الكويت على شكل اجزاء من اطر وجلود”.
ويضيف “نجلب الجلود الباكستانية لكونها نظيفة ومدبوغة وشفافة ونتولى تركيبها، وقد اوصلنا بضاعتنا إلى اقليم كردستان بفضل جودتها، لكن في المعابر الحدودية عندما يسألوننا عن هذه الآلات نخبرهم اننا نجلبها لإحياء المناسبات الدينية”.
يقول ابراهيم الراشد مدير جمعية التراث والثقافة والفنون ان جميع اعضاء الفرقة استقوا الفن منذ نعومة اظفارهم والكبير يسلم الرسالة للصغير، ونركز على الموروث البصري ونحافظ عليه مع ادخال جوانب اكاديمية في مجال العزف، لكننا نحافظ على آلاتنا الشعبية كالطبول والزيران والمراويس والطبل البحري”.
في السنوات الماضية هاجر المئات من أعضاء الفرق الشعبية في البصرة وبعض الفرق هاجرت كلياً بكامل فريقها خوفاً من بطش الأحزاب الدينية المتشددة، لاسيما بعد فقدت قدرتها على إقامة الحفلات، لكن الوضع اليوم بات مختلفاً وأصبحت مدن الجنوب ومنها البصرة تعود الى الحفلات الموسيقية الشعبية.
يقول الراشد “قتل أكثر من عشرة فنانين في البصرة منذ عام 2003 وهناك من اضطر لمغادرة العراق، وكذلك تعرض اخرون للاعتقال والسجن والتعذيب خلال مداهمات بعض الجهات الامنية للحفلات، كانوا يعتدون على الفنانين بقسوة ويتركون في الشارع”.
فرقة الفنون الشعبية التابعة لوزارة الثقافة تضطر لإحياء حفلات خاصة لتوفير مردود مادي فأغلب اعضاء الفرقة بلا وظائف وهم يعيشون على ما تجود به مشاركاتهم في المناسبات الشعبية.
وعن اطوار الغناء والرقص البصري الشعبي يقول مغني الفرقة عدنان الساهر “هناك رقصات يرافقها الغناء والعكس كذلك، مثل رقصة الهيوه والخشابة والمثولث بالدنابك والسامري والخماري والنكازي والدزه والطنبورة والسادة والعرضة وفن البحر وتكون الرقصات مختلفة الايقاع بين الجنسين ضمن حسابات الخطوات والأداء الجسدي”.
ولا تشارك الراقصات العضوات في الفرقة في الحفلات المحلية الشعبية بل في الحفلات الرسمية فحسب خشية تعرضهن للمضايقة، لكنهن يشاركن برقصات الفرقة القومية في المهرجانات الدولية وفي بغداد.
ولا يقتصر نوع الفرق الشعبية على الرجال او الفرق المختلطة فحسب بل هناك فرق نسائية شعبية تقوم النساء فيها بالعزف والغناء والرقص معاً، ويقول خلف عجيل الجوهر نائب رئيس نقابة الفنانين في البصرة أن الفرق النسائية أو “الجوقات” وتسمى ” الدكاكات” باتت معدودة في البصرة وهن يحيين مناسبات الاعراس في حدود حفلات النساء، ولا تكون الحفلات مشتركة ومنهن مغنيات وعازفات وضاربات على آلة الطار.
ويعزو انحسار الفرق النسائية إلى الظروف الأمنية والاجتماعية، ويقول “لا يتجاوز عدد الفرق النسائية أصابع اليد، وهناك مؤديات في فرقة الفنون الشعبية، ولا يمكن للراقصات في الفرقة الشعبية تقديم وصلات رقص شرقي بحت كما في مصر، بل يشتركن في تقديم لوحات اوبرالية.”
ويتوقف عمل الفرق الشعبية خلال المناسبات الدينية على امتداد ثلاثة أشهر سنوياً وهو مايؤثر على وضعهم المالي إذ لا يتقاضون اية أجور في هذه الشهور الثلاثة.
حسين هاشم عازف إيقاع يقول ان فرصة عمل الفرق الشعبية في بغداد افضل بكثير من عملها في البصرة ويضيف “عملت في بغداد بعد استتباب الأوضاع الأمنية، وانتعاش العمل الفني هناك، واقوم بتدريب طلاب شباب كي أتمكن من التواصل وتسديد أجور المكتب الذي اسـتأجره”.
المطرب محمد سالم عضو فرقة الفنون الشعبية وأحد مغنيي المقام المعروفين يقول أنه يعيش بالاعتماد على عمله في مهنة النجارة وما تدره فرقته الخاصة لإعالة اطفاله الثمانية، فاقتصار العمل على الفن الشعبي لا يمكن ان يعيل أولاده لذا يمارس مهنة إضافية للعيش.
أفضل الفرق الشعبية اليوم لا تتقاضى أكثر من (280) دوراً عن الحفلة الغنائية الواحدة يتم توزيعها على العازفين والسائق ويصرف جزء منها لاسـتئجار أجهزة الصوت لكن مازال الكثيرون من أعضاء تلك الفرق مستمرون في عملهم لعشقهم المهنة التي توارثوها.
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